Encyclopedia entry
Abducens (CN VI) Nerve
Abstract
Several variations have been reported in the course and/or distribution of this nerve. It may be absent on one side, in which case the extraocular muscle usually innervated by the abducens (the lateral rectus) is supplied by the oculomotor nerve. The abducens may leave the brain stem not as a single bundle but as several widely separated fascicles emerging from the lower border of the pons or between fibers of the pyramid. The abducens occasionally furnishes a branch to the superior rectus, or to the nasociliary nerve or even to the ciliary ganglion.
Several variations have been reported in the course and/or distribution of this nerve. It may be absent on one side, in which case the extraocular muscle usually innervated by the abducens (the lateral rectus) is supplied by the oculomotor nerve. The abducens may leave the brain stem not as a single bundle but as several widely separated fascicles emerging from the lower border of the pons or between fibers of the pyramid.
The abducens occasionally furnishes a branch to the superior rectus, or to the nasociliary nerve or even to the ciliary ganglion.
The abducens nerve to the abducens muscle may be found doubled.
Riferimenti dell’opera originale
Elenco riportato come compare nella fonte, senza normalizzazione dei formati bibliografici.
- Anson, B.J., Ed. (1966) Morris' Human Anatomy, 12th ed., The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
- Benninghoff, A. (1952) Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich.
- Cordier, -. et -. Coulouma. (1932) Recherches sur les nerfs du sinus carotidien et sur leurs variations. Assoc. Anatomistes Comptus Rendus 27:161-178.
- Cruveilhier, J. (1851) Traité d'Anatomie Descriptive, 3rd ed., G. Doin & Cie., Paris.
- Gegenbaur, C. (1888) Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, 3rd ed. V. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.
- Henle, J. (1868) Handbuch der Systematischen Anatomie des Menschen. von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig.
- Hyrtl, J. (1887) Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, 19th ed. Wilhelm Braumüller, Wien.
- Kopsch, F. (1908) Rauber's Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. Georg Thieme, Leipzig.
- Latarjet, A. (1948) Testut's Traité d'Anatomie Humaine, 9th ed., G. Doin & Cie., Paris.
- Mori, K. Anomalies of the Central Nervous System. Neuroradiology and Neurosurgery. Thieme-Stratton, Inc., New York.
- Piffer, C.R. and N.L. Zorzetto. (1980) Course and relations of the abducens nerve. Anat. Anz. 147:42-46.
- Pitres, A. et L. Testut. (1925) Le Nerfs en Schemas. G. Doin & Cie, Paris.
- Romanes, G.J. (1972) Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy, 11th ed. Oxford University Press, London.
- Schaefer, E.A., Symington, J. and T.H. Bryce., Eds. (1915) Quain's Anatomy, 11th ed., Longmans, Green, and Co., London.
- Whitnall, S.E. (1932) The Anatomy of the Human Orbit, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, London.
- Wysiadecki G., Polguj M., and Topol M. (2016) An unusual variant of the abducens nerve duplication with two nerve trunks merging within the orbit: a case report with comments on developmental background. Surg Radiol Anat 38:625–629.
Anatomical classification
- Systems:
- Nervous system
Content provenance
Adaptation
Adaptation of «Abducens (CN VI) Nerve — Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System» by Ronald A. Bergman, Adel K. Afifi, Ryosuke Miyauchi. Source: https://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/NervousSystem/Text/AbducensNerve.shtml Original work distributed under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.it). Adaptation by Redazione AIVA. Changes from the original: Testo originale inglese riprodotto integralmente e riorganizzato nel formato scheda del portale (sintesi, testo, riferimenti), senza modificarne le affermazioni. La traduzione italiana non è ancora stata eseguita, e la pagina lo dichiara. Le figure non sono state copiate: sono collegate alla pagina d’origine. This publication is not approved or endorsed by the authors of the original work.
Licence
This content is distributed under the licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Licences and attribution