Encyclopedia entry
Peroneus Quartus (Otto)
Abstract
Gruber found the peroneus quartus muscle to be present in about 13% of his bodies. The muscle arises from the posterior intermuscular septum and inserts on the fibular aspect of the calcaneus. Hence it has also been called peroneocalcaneus (See also the discussion of m. flexor hallucis longus). This muscle may also exist as a peroneocuboideus when it inserts onto the cuboid bone. Peroneus quartus muscles are located in the pre-achilles fat pad of the lower calf and may appear radiologically as a soft-tissue mass.
Gruber found the peroneus quartus muscle to be present in about 13% of his bodies. The muscle arises from the posterior intermuscular septum and inserts on the fibular aspect of the calcaneus. Hence it has also been called peroneocalcaneus (See also the discussion of m. flexor hallucis longus). This muscle may also exist as a peroneocuboideus when it inserts onto the cuboid bone. Peroneus quartus muscles are located in the pre-achilles fat pad of the lower calf and may appear radiologically as a soft-tissue mass.
Riferimenti dell’opera originale
Elenco riportato come compare nella fonte, senza normalizzazione dei formati bibliografici.
- Anson, B.J., Ed. (1966) Morris' Human Anatomy, 12th ed., The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
- Gruber, W. (1884) Ein neuer Musculus peroneo-calcaneus externus anterior. Arch. Path. Anat. Physiol. Klin. Med. 95:177-179.
- Henle, J. (1871) Handbuch der Muskellehre des Menschen, in Handbuch der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen. Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig.
- Macalister, A. (1875) Observaions on muscular anomalies in the human anatomy. Third series with a catalogue of muscular variations hitherto published. Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. Sci. 25:1-130.
- Perkins, J.D. (1914) An anomalous muscle of the leg: peronaeo-calcaneus internus. Anat. Rec. 8:21-25.
- Reimann, R. (1979) Vier Musculi peronei in einem menschlichen unterschenkel. Anat. Anz. 145:205-207.
- Shiraki, Y. (1934) On the rare variations of the muscles, M. peroneus quartus and M. extensor digiti brevis. Aichi Igakkai Zasshi. 41:511-514. In Japanese.
- Sokolowska-Pituchowa, J. Miaskiewicz, C. Skawina, A. and K. Makos. (1975) Morphologic types of the third peroneal muscle and some indices of the foot in man. Folia Morphol. (Warsaw) 34:361-366.
Anatomical classification
- Systems:
- Muscular system
Content provenance
Adaptation
Adaptation of «Peroneus Quartus (Otto) — Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System» by Ronald A. Bergman, Adel K. Afifi, Ryosuke Miyauchi. Source: https://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/P/21Peroneus.shtml Original work distributed under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.it). Adaptation by Redazione AIVA. Changes from the original: Testo originale inglese riprodotto integralmente e riorganizzato nel formato scheda del portale (sintesi, testo, riferimenti), senza modificarne le affermazioni. La traduzione italiana non è ancora stata eseguita, e la pagina lo dichiara. Le figure non sono state copiate: sono collegate alla pagina d’origine. This publication is not approved or endorsed by the authors of the original work.
Licence
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