Osso parietale

Occasionalmente la regione interparietale del cranio rimane separata per tutta la vita; l’osso che occupa lo spazio può essere l’osso interparietale o osso degli Incas, oppure un grande osso suturale denominato osso preinterparietale. In uno studio su 500 crani adulti indiani (Singh e coll.) l’osso interparietale era presente in 8 casi (ossia con un’incidenza dell’1,6%). Era unico in 2 casi (0,4%) e multiplo in 5 (1%). In un caso era presente unilateralmente. L’osso preinterparietale era presente in 4 casi (0,8%). Era unico in 2 casi (0,4%) e multiplo in 2 casi (0,4%).

Raramente l’osso parietale è composto da due parti, una superiore all’altra, separate da una sutura anteroposteriore (sutura sottosagittale) quasi parallela alla sutura sagittale. In questi casi si ritiene che i due centri di ossificazione primari non siano riusciti a fondersi. La sutura sagittale può essere assente.

In casi molto rari suture verticali dividono l’osso parietale in tre o quattro parti. I forami parietali sono occasionalmente molto ingranditi. Un forame trasmette una vena al seno sagittale superiore e un piccolo ramo dell’arteria occipitale alla dura madre. I forami parietali si riscontrano nel 60% dei crani; possono tuttavia essere assenti su uno o entrambi i lati. Si ritiene che i forami siano residui della fontanella sagittale fetale. Nella grande fontanella fra le ossa frontali e parietali pari può trovarsi un ossicino accessorio, l’os bregmaticum, libero oppure fuso con uno dei frontali o dei parietali. Inoltre, all’angolo anteriore inferiore (la cosiddetta fontanella sfenoidale) della stessa (grande) fontanella, può persistere un altro ossicino, l’os pterion.

Un ampio solco (seno di Breschet) può presentarsi sulla faccia endocranica, parallelo alla sutura coronale ed esteso dal bregma alla piccola ala dello sfenoide.

Suture soprannumerarie dell’osso parietale e ossa wormiane.

Osso parietale bipartito. Osso parietale ingrandito.

Singolare spina che origina dal margine sagittale della squama dell’osso temporale. Osso scafoide bipartito. Muscolo tiro-esofageo.

Riferimenti dell’opera originale

Elenco riportato come compare nella fonte, senza normalizzazione dei formati bibliografici. Le voci non sono tradotte: un riferimento bibliografico si cita nella lingua in cui è pubblicato.

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