Styloglossus

The styloglossus may be doubled or it may be absent on one or both sides. In the latter two cases, it may be replaced by myloglossus (Wood) s. mandibuloglossus, which arises from the inner surface of the angle of the mandible or from the stylomandibular ligament and is inserted into the sides of the tongue. In some cases the whole muscle arises form one of these locations, or from the surface of the medial pterygoid. This muscle is usually in the form of small bundles of fibers. The stylohyoid ligament may pass in front of or behind the digastric muscle.

The styloauricularis (Hyrtl) s. depressor auriculae (Lauth) is a muscle slip, occasionally found arising from the cartilage of the external auditory meatus close to its bony attachment and ending below on the styloid process or extending, in part or wholly into the styloglossus.

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• Gruber, W. (1880) Über den Musculus myloglossus bei Mangel und Vorkommen des styloglossus. Arch. Path. Anat. Physiol. Klin. Med. 81:453-457.
• Henle, J. (1873) Handbuch der Eingeweidelehre des Menschen, in Handbuch der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen. Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig.
• Koike, C. and Y. Takayama. (1958) The muscles inserted into the processus styloideus. Tokyo Shikadaigaku Kaibogakukyoshitsu Gyosekishu 8:1-4. In Japanese.
• LeDouble, A.F. (1897) Traité des Variations du Système Musculaire de l'Homme et Leur Signification au Point de vue de l'Anthropologie Zoologique. Libraire C. Reinwald, Schleicher Freres, Paris.
• Macalister, A. (1875) Observations on muscular anomalies in the human anatomy. Third series with a catalogue of muscular variations hitherto published. Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. Sci. 25:1-130.