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Mandible

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Abstract

The mandible shows extensive variation in size and weight during an individual's lifetime. The chin may protrude or recede; there may be one rather than two mental tubercles. Although the coronoid and condylar processes vary in size and form, they are rarely united by sutures with the ramus (subcoronoid and subcondyloid sutures). The condylar processes may be doubled. In some individuals, the two halves of the jaw fail to co-ossify. The mental foramen may be doubled or tripled.

The mandible shows extensive variation in size and weight during an individual's lifetime. The chin may protrude or recede; there may be one rather than two mental tubercles.

Although the coronoid and condylar processes vary in size and form, they are rarely united by sutures with the ramus (subcoronoid and subcondyloid sutures). The condylar processes may be doubled. In some individuals, the two halves of the jaw fail to co-ossify.

The mental foramen may be doubled or tripled. The location of the mental foramen has been found as far forward as the first premolar or as far back as the second premolar. In very rare cases a median mental foramen is present, comparable with an arterial canal normally present in certain apes.

The mylohyoid groove may be bridged over by a bony process and converted into a canal.

A process projecting from the posterior or inferior border (near the angle) of the mandible has been named processus lemurinicus by Sandifort (Albrecht). and has been compared with a similar spur in the jaws of Carnivora.

Anomalous teeth have been found widely distributed throughout the mandible.

Variations in Mandibular Foramen, Canal, and Mylohoyid Groove

Figura della scheda «Mandible», da Anatomy Atlases

Anatomy Atlases. Immagine ospitata dal sito d’origine. Apri la pagina originale.

Unerupted Teeth

Figura della scheda «Mandible», da Anatomy Atlases

Anatomy Atlases. Immagine ospitata dal sito d’origine. Apri la pagina originale.

Mental Foramen

Absence and Variations of Mental Foramina

Riferimenti dell’opera originale

Elenco riportato come compare nella fonte, senza normalizzazione dei formati bibliografici.

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  • Hrdlicka, A. (1941) A lower jaw: Double condyles. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 28:75-89.
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  • Santini, A. and M. Land. (1990) A comparison of the positions of the mental foramen in Chinese and British madibles. Acta Anat. 137:208-212.
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  • Tero, H.G. and I.R. Telford (1950) An analysis of the variations in the position of the mental foramen. Anat. Rec. 107:61-66.

Classificazione anatomica

Sistemi:
Sistema scheletrico

Provenienza del contenuto

Adattamento

Adattamento di «Mandible — Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System» di Ronald A. Bergman, Adel K. Afifi, Ryosuke Miyauchi. Fonte: https://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/SkeletalSystem/Text/Mandible.shtml Opera originale distribuita con licenza CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.it). Adattamento a cura di Redazione AIVA. Modifiche rispetto all’originale: Testo originale inglese riprodotto integralmente e riorganizzato nel formato scheda del portale (sintesi, testo, riferimenti), senza modificarne le affermazioni. La traduzione italiana non è ancora stata eseguita, e la pagina lo dichiara. Le figure non sono state copiate: sono collegate alla pagina d’origine. Questa pubblicazione non è approvata né avallata dagli autori dell’opera originale.

Licenza

Questo contenuto è distribuito con licenza CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Licenze e attribuzioni